PSG has now won the season-opening cup on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.